The Leopard 2 is one of the most powerful main battle tanks in the world. Since its introduction in the '70s, the German tank has been continuously developed and is now used in numerous armies. It has proven itself in various conflicts and is highly adaptable to different combat conditions. The Leopard 2 is currently attracting a great deal of attention, particularly due to its deployment in Ukraine. It is being used in intense combat there, providing important insights for future modernizations. At the same time, manufacturers and operating nations are continuously working on new versions such as the Leopard 2A7 and the announced Leopard 2A8, which will adapt the tank to modern combat requirements. Read all about the Leopard 2 from the Table.Briefings editorial team here. Technical features of the Leopard 2 The Leopard 2 is characterized by a balanced ratio of firepower, protection and mobility and thus represents a high standard in military technology. The main armament consists of a 120 mm smoothbore cannon from Rheinmetall, whose models have been continuously developed. Modern variants such as the Leopard 2A6 and Leopard 2A7 are equipped with more powerful armor and fire control systems, which significantly improve the crew's chances of survival on the battlefield. The Leopard 2 reaches a top speed of around 68 km/h on the road. This is due to the MTU MB 873 Ka-501 diesel engine with an output of 1,500 hp. The modern suspensions and the hydropneumatic chassis enable high off-road mobility, which makes the tank particularly suitable for asymmetrical battlefields.a key feature is the modularity of the Leo 2 design. The modular armor allows different protection systems to be adapted to the respective threat situation. This enables the user states to upgrade their tanks individually and adapt them to specific deployment scenarios. In addition, the integration of new sensor technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) for battlefield analysis is an important aspect of Leopard 2 modernization. Leopard 2 in Ukraine The war in Ukraine has once again highlighted the relevance of modern main battle tanks such as the Leopard 2. Leopard 2 models from various user states, including the Leopard 2A4 and Leopard 2A6, have been deployed in Ukraine since 2023. The tanks are used for breakthrough operations and defensive missions. It is clear that the newer models are particularly decisive due to their increased combat effectiveness against modern threats such as drones and anti-tank guided missiles. A central topic of discussion is the long-term maintenance and spare parts supply of the Leopard 2 fleet in Ukraine. Due to the high demands placed on it during deployment, constant maintenance is required, for which international cooperation is necessary. In addition, the tactical effectiveness of the Leopard 2 in urban combat needs to be evaluated. Its firepower and armor make the Leopard 2 a strong opponent in open terrain, while its limited mobility and the threat of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) pose a challenge in urban environments. The experience gained in the Ukraine war could be incorporated into the further development of urban combat modules for main battle tanks in the future. Leopard 2A7 and Leopard 2A8 Leopard 2A7: Improved protection and communication systems The Leopard 2A7 is a comprehensive modernization of the proven Leopard 2 design. The main innovations include improved composite armor, modified hydraulic systems and an enhanced fire control system. In addition, the Leopard 2A7 has an optimized air conditioning and power supply system, which makes it easier to operate in extreme climatic zones. These modifications make the tank ideal for hybrid warfare scenarios. Another feature of the Leopard 2A7 is its enhanced networking with other units on the battlefield. With the help of digital communication systems, the tank can exchange real-time information with infantry, drones and other armored vehicles, enabling more efficient battle management. Leopard 2A8: The future of German main battle tank construction The Leopard 2A8 was announced in 2023 and is set to offer an even greater increase in combat effectiveness. In addition to improved protection systems, the A8 will be equipped with an advanced active protection system (APS) based on technologies such as Trophy and EuroTrophy. This makes the Leopard 2A8 even more resistant to anti-tank weapons. Another upgrade concerns sensor technology and networking: in future, the Leopard 2A8 will be integrated into modern digital battlefield systems to improve real-time information processing. Experts are also discussing the possibility of a hybrid or electrified drive option for future Leopard models. This could not only improve fuel efficiency, but also reduce the tank's acoustic signature, which would be particularly advantageous in asymmetric combat. Costs of the Leopard 2 The costs of the Leopard 2 vary greatly depending on the model and the degree of modernization. In addition to the acquisition costs, there are high long-term operating costs. A Leopard 2 consumes around 340 liters of diesel per 100 km and requires extensive maintenance, which can drive operating costs up to several hundred thousand euros per year. The Leopard 2 remains one of the most powerful main battle tank models in the world. The current deployment of the Leopard 2 in Ukraine illustrates the relevance of modern tanks in the context of warfare. While existing models such as the Leopard 2A6 are proving their worth, newer versions such as the Leopard 2A7 and Leopard 2A8 show that continuous modernization is necessary to counter current threats. However, the high costs pose a challenge, especially with regard to long-term operations and maintenance. Nevertheless, the Leopard 2 is an important part of the armored equipment of many nations.
Lithuania expands infrastructure for 45 Armored Brigade
Construction work on the new headquarters of the 45th Armored Brigade stationed in Lithuania is progressing faster than planned. Lithuania’s spending on defense has reached a record high. In future, the new Leopard main battle tank will be built in the country.
By Lisa-Martina Klein