At the expensive end of the value chain

China is deeply integrated into and participated in the global chains of value creation. However, the nature of China’s integration has significantly changed over time: China has steadily increased its value contribution to export to third countries while gradually reducing the reliance on foreign value-add in immediate goods imports. This is by design: China’s top leadership has the ambition to maintain this trajectory, creating more global leverage through trade.​

Last updated: 24. July 2025